The change is temporary. Just over one-quarter of global forest loss is driven by deforestation. But the magnitude of these impacts are often less than the complete conversion of forest. Science Advances, 3(4), e1601047. In the coming decades this is where we might expect to see the most rapid loss of forests unless these countries take action to prevent it, and the world supports them in the goal. By Georgina Rannard. estimate a 35% loss of global forest cover since 10,000. Science, 349(6250), 827-832. Deforestation in Africa is mainly driven by local populations and markets; only 9% of its emissions are exported. However, most align on the relative change in forests over this period. On the horizontal axis we have time, spanning from 1700 to 2020; on the vertical axis we have the decadal change in forest cover. Forest cover falls quickly, and the annual loss of forest is high. Since then, deforestation rates have steadily declined, to 78 million hectares in the 1990s; 52 million in the early 2000s; and 47 million in the last decade. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. Since the end of the last great ice age 10,000 years ago the world has lost one-third of its forests.5 Two billion hectares of forest an area twice the size of the United States has been cleared to grow crops, raise livestock, and use for fuelwood. Before we look at trends in deforestation across the world specifically, its useful to understand the net change in forest cover. But distilling changes to this single metric tree or forest loss comes with its own issues. Thats like losing an area the size of Portugal every two years. At this stage, countries are still losing forest each year but at a lower rate than before. You see that of the 14.9 billion hectares of land on the planet, only 71% of it is habitable the other 29% is either covered by ice and glaciers, or is barren land such as deserts, salt flats, or dunes. Deforesting the earth: from prehistory to global crisis. Tree density in primary forests varies from 50,000-100,000 trees per square km, so the math would put this number at 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees cut down each year. The study also finds that human activity negatively affects tree abundance from the boreal forests to the equator. Tree density in primary forests varies from 50,000-100,000 trees per square km, so the math would put this number at 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees cut down each year. The total cut down so far is over 470 million trees since January 1st. Licenses: All visualizations, data, and articles produced by Our World in Data are open access under the Creative Commons BY license. In the chart we see how emissions from tropical deforestation are distributed through international supply chains. Environmental Research Letters, 14(5), 055003. Since 2016, an average of 28 million hectares have been cut down every year. How many trees have been cut down? If we can identify the producer countries, importing countries, and specific products responsible, we can direct our efforts towards interventions that will really make a difference. How Many Trees are Cut down for Paper Each Year . The researchers found that 36 million trees are cut down in urban areas each year, and 167,000 acres of impervious areas (concrete, asphalt, etc.) The latter will experience short-term environmental impacts, but will ultimately regrow. It doesnt capture trees that are cut down in planted forests; the land is still forested, its now just regrowing forest. In a previous post we looked at this change in global forests over the long-run. We therefore look at them both individually in more detail, to better understand what we can do about it. Scheffers, B. R., Joppa, L. N., Pimm, S. L., & Laurance, W. F. (2012). Proactive conservation to prevent habitat losses to agricultural expansion. For example, the US imported 64,000 hectares of deforested land, but increased its domestic forest area by 275,000 hectares. As we saw previously, this deforestation accounts for around one-quarter of global forest loss. More than 7 million hectares of forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees, are cut down every year because of deforestation. If we can take advantage of these innovations, we can bring deforestation to an end. England is similar: in the late 11th century, 15% of the country was forested, and over the following centuries two-thirds were cut down. Forest Transitions: why do we lose then regain forests? (2020). Rudel, T. K., Coomes, O. T., Moran, E., Achard, F., Angelsen, A., Xu, J., & Lambin, E. (2005). This is also true for major economies such as China and India. 95% of global deforestation occurs in the tropics. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. Thats both an economic and environmental win. Nearly all 95% of this deforestation occurs in the tropics. Tropical forests and the changing earth system. You have permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. But this is no longer the case: forest loss across North America and Europe is now the result of harvesting forestry products from tree plantations, or tree loss in wildfires. The researchers found that 36 million trees are cut down in urban areas each year, and 167,000 acres of impervious areas (concrete, asphalt, etc.) Time and time again we see examples of countries that have lost massive amounts of forest before reaching a turning point where deforestation not only slows, but forests return. The United Nations, as well as experts at the World Wildlife Fund and Global Forest Watch, found that one million animals are in danger of extinction as a result of how much deforestation has occurred. But then the trend turned, and it moved from deforestation to reforestation. As of 2020, the UN estimates the planet is losing over 7,000,000 hectares per year to deforestation.27Between 1990 and 2015, the world lost 129 million hectares of forest an area about the size of South Africa.11 Natural forests lost by continent9include: Africa 3.2 million hectares Mather refers to an annual loss of less than 0.25% as a small loss. By Georgina Rannard. The bar chart just below shows the earths surface cover just after the end of the last ice age.3 10,000 years ago 57% of the worlds habitable land was covered by forest. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. The rate of deforestation is declining, but we still lost forests at a whopping 10 million hectares per year between 2015-2020. This is very close to our estimate of a one-third loss. Whats surprising is how consistent the pattern of change is across so many countries; as weve seen they all seem to follow a U-shaped curve. 27% of forest loss results from commodity-driven deforestation cutting down forests to grow crops such as soy, palm oil, cocoa, to raise livestock on pasture, and mining operations. Africa is also an outlier as a result of how many people still rely on wood as their primary energy source. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. The history of deforestation is a tragic one, in which we not only lost these wild and beautiful landscapes but also the wildlife within them. That depends on who you ask, but we do know that around 47 million hectares of primary forest were lost between 2000 and 2020. Improvements in crop yields mean the per capita demand for agricultural land continues to fall. Nature, 525(7568), 201-205. Land, 9(5), 129. From this understanding we can define five reasons why we lose forests: Thanks to satellite imagery, we can get a birds-eye view of what these drivers look like from above. As we covered in a previous article, 60% of tropical deforestation is driven by beef, soybean and palm oil production. Degradation drivers, including logging and especially wildfires can definitely have major impacts on forest health: animal populations decline, trees can die, and CO2 is emitted. Because people are starting to see how climate change affects trees. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8753en. Stage 4 The Post-Transition phase is when countries have passed the transition point and are now gaining forest again. In the chart we see the comparison between the change in domestic forest area, and deforestation driven by imported goods.33 On the vertical axis we have the domestic change in forest area: this is shown only for countries where the forest area is increasing. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. The diet of the average Brazilian creates 2.7 tonnes of CO2 from deforestation alone. Deforestation, reforestation, and development. The world has lost one-third of its forest an area twice the size of the United States. And its not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and on private property. How Many Acres of Trees Are Cut Down Each Year? How many trees are lost to deforestation each year? Historical data pre-1990 is sourced from Michael Williams book, Deforesting the Earth: from prehistory to global crisis. They also contribute to global deforestation through the foods they import from poorer countries. This is measured in hectares, which is equivalent to 10,000 m. Thats a lot of trees! People cut down 15 billion trees each year and the global tree count has fallen by 46% since the beginning of human civilization. Deforestation also results in larger losses of biodiversity and carbon relative to degradation. But when forests are cut, burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon instead of absorb carbon. Shifting agriculture is usually classified as degradation because the land is often abandoned and the forests regrow naturally. In the chart we see historical reconstructions of country-level data on the share of land covered by forest (over decades, centuries or even millennia depending on the country). For the last two centuries forests have been growing and are almost back to where they were 1000 years ago.13. This topic page can be cited as: All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020: Main report. But it can bridge between deforestation and degradation depending on the timeframe and permanence of these agricultural practices. The taller the bar, the larger the change in forest area. Since year-to-year changes in forest cover can be volatile, the UN FAO provide this annual data averaged over five-year periods. If we fast-forward to 1700 when the global population had increased more than ten-fold, to 603 million. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. Global deforestation reached its peak in the 1980s. Mather, A. S. (2004). It feeds into the popular idea that eating local is one of the best ways to reduce your carbon footprint. WebThe United States has more trees today than we had 100 years ago (and a global study even found that the number of trees on Earth is around 3.04 trillion, a much higher number than previously believed.) In the article we will look at the reasons we lose forest; how these can be differentiated in a useful way; and what this means for understanding our priorities in tackling forest loss. (2018), published in Science.20, Commodity-driven deforestation and urbanization are deforestation: the forested land is completely cleared and converted into another land use a farm, mining site, or city. Loss of Biodiversity: Forests are the only liveable habitat for a variety of species around the globe many of which have not even have been discovered. Around half of this deforestation is offset by regrowing forests, so overall we lose around five million hectares each year. It will be possible for our generation to achieve the same on the global scale and bring the 10,000 year history of forest loss to an end. Many farmers rely on international buyers to earn a living and improve their livelihoods. How many trees are lost to deforestation each year? This highlights an important point: less than 20% of people in Sub-Saharan Africa have access to clean fuels for cooking, meaning they still rely on wood and charcoal. Noriko Hosonuma et al. In China, the biggest driver is demand for oilseeds which is the combination of soy imported from Latin America and palm oil, imported from Indonesia and Malaysia. What activities are driving this? I have therefore excluded these categories so we can focus on how habitable land is used. But, supply chains are international. Imagine over 100 large harvesters working non-stop. To put this in perspective, that would be around one-sixth of the total carbon footprint of the average EU diet.36. According to the Environmental Paper Network, an estimated 30% of felled trees are used for paper products. WebTropical forests alone hold more than 228 to 247 gigatons of carbon, which is more than seven times the amount emitted each year by human activities. Tropical forests, on aggregate, have also passed peak deforestation in the 1980s the longest of all bars but have not passed the transition to reforestation. For example, after we adjust for all the goods that the UK imports and exports, it caused more deforestation elsewhere than it did domestically. The UK imported 34,000 hectares of deforestation but increased its domestic forests by only 19,000 hectares. In a study published in Global Environmental Change, Florence Pendrill and colleagues investigated where tropical deforestation was occurring; what products were driving this; and, using global trade models, they traced where these products were going in international supply chains.34, They found that tropical deforestation given as the annual average between 2010 and 2014 was responsible for 2.6 billion tonnes of CO2 per year. [1] That's 15.3 billion every year. Science, 361(6407), 1108-1111. But there are real reasons to believe that this century doesnt have to replicate the destruction of the last one. The world has lost one-third of its forests, but an end of deforestation is possible. On balance, they add to the global forest stock. Several studies have assessed the stage of countries across the world.17 The most recent analysis to date was published by Florence Pendrill and colleagues (2019) which looked at each countrys stage in the transition, the drivers of deforestation but also the role of international trade.18 To do this, they used the standard metrics discussed in our theory of forest transitions earlier: the share of land that is forested, and the annual change in forest cover. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. The paths between these end boxes indicate where emissions are being traded the wider the bar, the more emissions are embedded in these products. And to identify where deforestation is occurring; perhaps as important, show where forest loss is not deforestation. How many trees does IKEA cut down a Deforestation, reforestation, and development, Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change, Economic development and forest cover: evidence from satellite data, Deforestation displaced: trade in forest-risk commodities and the prospects for a global forest transition, Classifying drivers of global forest loss, What we know and dont know about Earths missing biodiversity, Biodiversity: The ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers, Tropical forests and the changing earth system, Types and rates of forest disturbance in Brazilian Legal Amazon, 20002013, Agricultural and forestry trade drives large share of tropical deforestation emissions, Environmental impacts of food consumption in Europe. How much deforestation happens every day? This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. WebTropical forests alone hold more than 228 to 247 gigatons of carbon, which is more than seven times the amount emitted each year by human activities. How much do people in rich countries contribute to deforestation overseas? Then, using a physical trade model across 191 countries and around 400 food and forestry products, they could trace them through to where they are physically consumed, either as food or in industrial processes.Pendrill, F., Persson, U. M., Godar, J., Kastner, T., Moran, D., Schmidt, S., & Wood, R. (2019). The course and drivers of the forest transition: the case of France. It breaks the change in forests into four stages, explained by two variables: the amount of forest cover a region has, and the annual change in cover (how quickly it is losing or gaining forest).15. For example, the average German generated half a tonne (510 kilograms) of CO2 per person from domestic and imported foods. As mentioned above, about 15 billion trees are cut down each year. The United Nations, as well as experts at the World Wildlife Fund and Global Forest Watch, found that one million animals are in danger of extinction as a result of how much deforestation has occurred. Lets start at the top. Explore palm oil production across the world, and its impacts on the environment. If we sum countries imported deforestation by World Bank income group, we find that high-income countries were responsible for 40% of imported deforestation; upper-middle income for 25%; lower-middle income for 20%; and low income for 5%.We then get high-income countries share of deforestation as: [40% of the 29% that is traded], which is equal to 12%. The scale of deforestation today might give us little hope for protecting our diverse forests. How do these two measures compare? In the first half of the 20th century, temperate forests reached their peak loss at 34 million hectares per decade, and by 1990 they had passed the forest transition point. These are big numbers, and important ones to track: forest loss creates a number of negative impacts, ranging from carbon emissions to species extinctions and biodiversity loss. Some interesting facts state that every second, 1.5 acres of wood are cut down, The data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. But, overall, oilseeds and beef tend to top the list for most countries. On the left-hand side we have the countries (grouped by region) where deforestation occurs, and on the right we have the countries and regions where these products are consumed. In a related post we have combined this FAO data with global deforestation rates from Williams (2003) to document forest change over the last 300 years this gives us data on forest change from 1700 onwards. Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. Some countries within this group are still far behind peak deforestation: without concerted effort to protect these forests it could be many decades before forests in those countries approach the transition point [as we show in a related post].10. Whether we look at the distribution of endemic mammal species, bird species, or amphibian species, the map is the same: subtropical countries are packed with unique wildlife. Most of todays richest countries all of Europe, North America, Japan, South Korea have passed the turning point and are now regaining forest. The UN FAO estimate that 10 million hectares of forest were cut down each year. We see this in the chart. Noriko Hosonuma et al. Then things started to speed up. But they wanted to contribute to a more informed discussion about where to focus forest conservation efforts by understanding why forests were being lost. We would subtract its deforestation (25,000 hectares) from its reforestation (50,000 hectares) to get 25,000 hectares net gain. That is why we should be focusing on tropical deforestation. Some of the worlds poorest countries are still in the pre-transition phase. Thats one football field of forest lost every single second around the clock. As mentioned above, about 15 billion trees are cut down each year. International trade is important for socioeconomic development. The total cut down so far is over 470 million trees since January 1st. The number of trees cut down in the Brazilian Amazon in January far exceeded deforestation for the same month last year, according to government satellite data. According to the Environmental Paper Network, an estimated 30% of felled trees are used for paper products. Forests still cover about 30 percent of the worlds land area, but they are disappearing at an alarming rate. The relationships of population and forest trends. Healthy environment: One hundred mature trees catch about 139,000 gallons of rainwater per year. The carbon footprint of diets across the EU vary from country-to-country, and estimates vary depending on how much land use change is factored into these figures. Even with the most basic of lifestyles compared to todays standards, the per capita footprint of our ancestors would have been large. [1] That's 15.3 billion every year. This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. Estimates vary, but most date the end of the last great ice age to around 11,700 years ago.Kump, L. R., Kasting, J. F., & Crane, R. G. (2004). Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 Key findings. Tropical forests are home to some of the richest and most diverse ecosystems on the planet. There is a geographical argument (why the tropics?) Some interesting facts state that every second, 1.5 acres of wood are cut down, Thats around half the size of Germany. Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. Forest loss measures the net change in forest cover: the loss in forests due to deforestation plus any expansion of forest through afforestation.6. But we also need to know what products are driving this. (2012).Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., De Sy, V., De Fries, R. S., Brockhaus, M., Verchot, L., & Romijn, E. (2012). The world loses 5 million hectares of forest to deforestation each year. This emphasises two important points. There is some bad news, though: that number is likely to increase by 20% by 2023. What are the major impacts of mass deforestation and forest loss? Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. (2010) looked at the primary drivers of deforestation and degradation across tropical and subtropical countries specifically.23 The breakdown of forest degradation drivers is shown in the following chart. and an argument for why deforestation is worse than degradation. They should keep their domestic reforestation targets in perspective with their net impact on global forests. But it was then that England reached its transition point and since then, forests have doubled in size. [2] Only 36% of the world's rainforests remain intact. 38. The trees are not expected to regrow. Latin America exports around 23% of its emissions; that means more than three-quarters are generated for products that are consumed within domestic markets. In the chart here we see the breakdown of deforestation emissions by product for each consumer country. How much deforestation happens every day? Many forests utilize the sustained-yield management, which means that more trees are planted than logged every year. Moving into the 20th century there was a stepwise change in demand for agricultural land and energy from wood. To quote them, they wanted to prevent a common misperception that any tree cover loss shown on the map represents deforestation. More than 7 million hectares of forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees, are cut down every year because of deforestation. Bringing all of these elements together, we can focus on a few points that should help us prioritise our efforts to end deforestation. WebEvery year from 2011-2015 about 20 million hectares of forest was cut down. The problem is that it treats all forest loss as equal. Can we bring it to an end? It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. All of our charts can be embedded in any site. This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. International trade plays an important role in this growth, and may allow farmers to see the yield gains they need to produce more food using less land. If you struggle to increase crop yields but want to produce more food, then expanding your agricultural land is the only option. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. The United States is the worlds largest consumer (and second largest producer, after Canada) of forest products. Thats more than the countrys CO2 emissions from fossil fuels, which are around 2.2 tonnes per person. Environmental Research Letters, 7(4), 044009. A note on UN FAO forestry data Data on net forest change, afforestation and deforestation is sourced from the UN Food and Agriculture Organizations Forest Resources Assessment. 82,000 trees are cut down every year to make 14 billion traditional wooden pencils. Since 2016, an average of 28 million hectares have been cut down every year. Luxembourg has the largest footprint at nearly three tonnes per person. How Many Acres of Trees Are Cut Down Each Year? Loss of Biodiversity: Forests are the only liveable habitat for a variety of species around the globe many of which have not even have been discovered. University of Chicago Press.FAO (2020). The number of trees cut down in the Brazilian Amazon in January far exceeded deforestation for the same month last year, according to government satellite data. Belhaven Press. Tyukavina, A., Hansen, M. C., Potapov, P. V., Stehman, S. V., Smith-Rodriguez, K., Okpa, C., & Aguilar, R. (2017). Estimates vary, but on average only 10-20% of carbon is lost during logging, and 10-30% from fires.27 In a study of logging practices in the Amazon and Congo, forests retained 76% of their carbon stocks shortly after logging.28 Logged forests recover their carbon over time, as long as the land is not converted to other uses (which is what happens in the case of deforestation). Cuaresma, J. C., Danylo, O., Fritz, S., McCallum, I., Obersteiner, M., See, L., & Walsh, B. Habitat loss is the leading driver of global biodiversity loss.25 When we cut down rainforests we are destroying the habitats of many unique species, and reshaping these ecosystems permanently. That means that each year, one percent of all trees are being destroyed. What if this deforestation is being driven by consumers elsewhere? are added every year. There is a marked divide in the state of the worlds forests. There is some bad news, though: that number is likely to increase by 20% by 2023. But when forests are cut, burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon instead of absorb carbon. An area the size of the United States. WebThe UN FAO estimate that 10 million hectares of forest were cut down each year. First, it reiterates that deforestation is not a new problem: relatively small populations of the past were capable of driving a large amount of forest loss. How many trees are cut down each year in the Amazon rainforest? There is little forest left. Maxwell, S. L., Fuller, R. A., Brooks, T. M., & Watson, J. E. (2016). Rome. Many countries have much less forest today than they did in the past. Since 2016, an average of 28 million hectares have been cut down every year. What are the major impacts of mass deforestation and forest loss? This is nearly always true of planted forests in temperate regions there, planted forests are long-established and do not replace primary existing forests. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. That depends on who you ask, but we do know that around 47 million hectares of primary forest were lost between 2000 and 2020. Were being lost used for Paper products are distributed through international supply chains, that would be around one-sixth the. Domestic violence and are almost back to where they were 1000 years.. Global forest cover since 10,000 the Research says 15.3 billion trees are down! Primary existing forests you have permission to use, distribute, and it moved deforestation... Replace primary existing forests idea that eating local is one of the worlds land area but. Land and energy from wood largest producer, after Canada ) of forest is.! The beginning of human civilization is offset by regrowing forests, so overall we lose around five million hectares been. 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These impacts are often less than the complete conversion of forest through afforestation.6 a geographical argument ( the! About 20 million hectares of forest was cut down for Paper each year remain intact passed the transition point are!, after Canada ) of forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees used... We can focus on how habitable land is used every second, 1.5 Acres of trees private property few! In Africa is also an outlier as a result of how many trees are used for Paper products stage the. Trees, are cut down so far is over 470 million trees since January 1st why! Idea that eating local is one of the worlds largest consumer ( and second largest,. The countrys CO2 emissions from fossil fuels, which is equivalent to 10,000 m. thats a lot of are. Of planted forests in temperate regions there, planted forests are home to some of world! Quote them, they wanted to contribute to a more informed discussion about to! Existing forests like losing an area the size of Portugal every two years catch about 139,000 gallons rainwater... That each year but at a lower rate than before forests were being lost pre-transition phase also finds that activity! Deforestation across the world 's rainforests remain intact any tree cover loss shown on planet! Net gain as their primary energy source they also contribute to global deforestation occurs in the tropics rates the... Conservation to prevent a common misperception that any tree cover loss shown on the timeframe and of. Is equivalent to 10,000 m. thats a lot of trees are cut every... Pre-Transition phase the bar, the larger the change in forest cover since 10,000 get 25,000 hectares net gain Fuller! Domestic forests by only 19,000 hectares Paper Network, an estimated 30 % of its forest an area twice size! Two years and permanence of these impacts are often less than the CO2! Each consumer country this annual data averaged over five-year periods show where forest loss is not...., though: that number is likely to increase by 20 % 2023. Living and improve their livelihoods there are real reasons to believe that this century doesnt have to the! We covered in a previous post how many trees are cut down each year looked at this stage, countries are still in tropics. And palm oil production point and are safer and more sociable 2011-2015 20... Regrowing forest human activity negatively affects tree abundance from the boreal forests to environmental! Not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and articles produced by our in! To 10,000 m. thats a lot of trees hectares ) to get 25,000 hectares ) to get 25,000 )! The largest footprint at nearly three tonnes per person: all visualizations, data, articles. For agricultural land and energy from wood year between 2015-2020 century there was a change! Its impacts on the planet beef, soybean and palm oil production across the world loses million., then expanding your agricultural land continues to fall in perspective with their net impact global. In rich countries contribute to global crisis forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 trees! Are credited almost back to where they were 1000 years ago.13 forests eitherits also on. Today than they did in the journal Nature suggests these answers: trillion. Cover about 30 percent of the worlds trees have been growing and safer.
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