harry george philby

(LogOut/ He was 65. In our final extract, she secretly joins him behind the Iron Curtain. ''His boozy amours, his tough postures, his intelligence expertise, are directly related to the same characteristics in (Ian) Fleming's hero. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). "[15], Philby recommended to Deutsch several of his Cambridge contemporaries, including Donald Maclean, who at the time was working in the Foreign Office,[16] as well as Guy Burgess, despite his personal reservations about Burgess's erratic personality. Philby himself thought this might have been the case. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. Philby was given the task of dealing with Volkov by British intelligence. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. One historian said his work for the Soviets was ''beyond price''. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. Eleanor found Melinda amusing but nervous and highly strung and yearning for the luxuries of Western capitalism. [73] On 30 July, Soviet officials announced that they had granted him political asylum in the USSR, along with Soviet citizenship. Philby, who married three times, is survived by a daughter, the journalist Charlotte Philby. Kim leapt up and shouted, 'Whoever is rude to my wife is rude to me!' He warned the Soviets of the attempted defection and travelled to Istanbulostensibly to handle the matter on behalf of SIS but, in reality, to ensure that Volkov had been neutralised. She told a BBC documentary: He was just dad. To the extent that I helped defeat them, even if it caused their deaths, I have no regrets. OX2 6JF 1 Reference code: GB165-0229 Title: Harry St John Philby Collection Name of creator: Philby, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) Explorer and Orientalist Dates of creation of material: c1902-1957 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 89 boxes Biographical history: PHILBY, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. The KGB would stamp the documents "top secret" and begin their circulation. They travelled together in Spain through August 1939. P&P free on orders over 15. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 11 May 1988)[1] was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. Years after the war, Sir Hardy Amies, who had served as an intelligence officer during the war, recalled that Philby was in his mess and on being asked what the infamous spy was like, Hardy quipped, "He was always trying to get information out of memost significantly the name of my tailor". Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide.. But MI6 found it hard to believe that Philby could be a Soviet agent. 00:50 GMT 17 Apr 2018 Henry was born circa 1823, in Loughton, Essex, England. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. He trained Albanian commandossome of whom were former Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta. Commenting on his sabotage of the operation to secretly send thousands of Albanian anti-communists into Albania to overthrow the communist government, which led to many being killed, Philby rebutted that he helped prevent another World War. Philby had other less damaging routines: a cup of Russian tea at 7am and English tea with milk at 5pm, drunk from a fine porcelain cup. His successor, Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later during the purges. [52][53], Burgess had intended to aid Maclean in his escape, not accompany him in it. Philby suffered only a minor head wound. They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". 1951Tips off fellow Cambridge Spy Donald Maclean that a warrant has been issued for his arrest. Opposites attracted. His arrest led to others, Harry Gold, a courier with whom Fuchs had worked, David Greenglass and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. . [11][pageneeded] In early 1934, Arnold Deutsch, a Soviet agent, was sent to University College London under the cover of a research appointment, but in reality had been assigned to recruit the brightest students from Britain's top universities. There, a tall man in a blue suit and red bow-tie held out his hand and said: I am Donald Maclean. With him in the room was Guy Burgess. A few days after her return to Switzerland, she told her mother she had run into an old friend in the local market and hed invited her and the children to stay with him for the weekend in his villa at the other end of Lake Geneva. Alasdair Soussi. [11][pageneeded] Philby's Soviet controller at the time, Theodore Maly, reported in April 1937 to the NKVD that he had personally briefed Philby on the need "to discover the system of guarding Franco and his entourage". While working in Section Five, Philby had become acquainted with James Jesus Angleton, a young American counter-intelligence officer working in liaison with SIS in London. [64], In 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn, a major in the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, defected to the United States from his diplomatic post in Helsinki. He never promised to give up, but once, completely unexpectedly, he suddenly said, 'I'm afraid I'm going to lose you, I'm not going to drink any more.' He did a lot with us., Philby was sent to Beirut in 1956 to work for The Observer, leaving his children in London, after being. Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. It seemed a fitting finale for such a notable spy. We got together in our cabin to discuss our plans. Death: Immediate Family: Daughter of St John Philby and Dora Philby. In early May 1951, Burgess got three speeding tickets in a single daythen pleaded diplomatic immunity, causing an official complaint to be made to the British Ambassador. Harry St John Bridger Philby Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) (3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and colonial office intelligence officer. Roland Philipps For The Daily Mail He became a member of the Anglo-German Fellowship, an organization aiming at rebuilding and supporting a friendly relationship between Germany and the United Kingdom. Philby had defected to the Soviet Union from Beirut in 1963, and was treated with respect, but felt isolated. Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. Shortly after the extent of Philby's penetration was publicised in October. 4 Comments. His cover story was that he was a political migr, a trade union leader persecuted in England for his political views. ", "John le Carr, The Art of Fiction No. Born in Ambala, Punjab, British India, Harold Adrian Russell Philby was the son of Dora Johnston and St John Philby, an author, Arabist and explorer. He was a man of considerable cultural background. [11][pageneeded], By September 1941, Philby began working for Section Five of MI6, a section responsible for offensive counter-intelligence. They remained friends for many years following their separation and divorced only in 1946, just following the end of World War II. After Philby defected to the Soviet Union in 1963, Eleanor visited him in Moscow. Hed been worried about leaving her and their children to carry on without him, but shed given him the all-clear to go. [3], Secret files released to the National Archives in late 2020 indicated that the UK government had intentionally conducted a campaign to keep Philby's spying confidential "to minimise political embarrassment" and prevent the publication of his memoirs, according to a report by The Guardian. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philby's eye. However, she denies that Philby ever regretted defecting to the Soviet Union, adding that he never talked of going home to Britain. Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. Death. [3] St John was a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia, and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. Please try again later. And he kept his word to the end." Half sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby. He had five, one of whom, incidentally, was named after George Washington, the American president. Following Eleanor's divorce, the couple married[58] in January 1959. Harry George Philby (Q96086099) No description defined edit Statements instance of human 0 references sex or gender male 1 reference given name Harry 0 references date of birth 1950 1 reference father Kim Philby 1 reference mother Aileen Amanda Furse 1 reference sibling Dudley Thomas Philby 1 reference John David Philby 1 reference Find out where Kim Philby was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. Like his father, he enjoyed the company of women, and drank and smoked heavily. On the strength of his knowledge and experience of Franco's Spain, Philby was put in charge of the subsection which dealt with Spain and Portugal. It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. His mother resented Burgess and his close relationship with her husband, and began staging accidents to claim attention; she reported being mugged in her car; on another occasion she set fire to the living room, suffering serious burns. He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. His birth fell on Armistice day four years. [58] Following the departure of his father and stepbrothers for Saudi Arabia, Philby continued to live alone in Ajaltoun, but took a flat in Beirut after beginning an affair with Eleanor, the Seattle-born wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. Maclean seemed totally at one with Soviet ways and believed to his death that the USSR and its new society has a much better prospect than the old of overcoming the major ills and injustices of our civilisation. '', he would reply: ''Oh yes, I'm his son.''. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. An Indian Civil Service officer turned Arabist and explorer, he spent 20 years travelling across the desert on camelback charting Saudi's unexplored Empty Quarter, crossing paths with Lawrence of. there is a new book on the shelves, a fictional account of philby and his recruitment when he went to vienna austria, then returning to Britain to carry out his duties. After Donald Maclean fled to Moscow to escape arrest in Britain as the spy who, for 15 years, had passed state secrets to the Soviet Union, friends of his wife, Melinda, found it easy to believe that she knew nothing of her husbands treachery. Colonel Redl from the Austro-Hungarian Empire prior to WW1 probably was a more devastating spy. To order a copy for 15, visit mailshop.co.uk/ books or call 0844 571 0640. [78][pageneeded] Philby was under virtual house arrest, guarded, with all visitors screened by the KGB. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. Aileen Philby had suffered since childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself. [5] He also began working for both the Soviet and British intelligence, which usually consisted of posting letters in a crude code to a fictitious girlfriend, Mlle Dupont in Paris, for the Russians. [74] When the news broke, MI6 came under criticism for failing to anticipate and block Philby's defection, though Elliott was to claim he could not have prevented Philby's flight. Litzi lived in Paris before returning to London for the duration of the war; she ultimately settled in East Germany. [17], In London, Philby began a career as a journalist. He didnt seem to mind that their marriage was over. With the goal of potentially arranging Franco's assassination, Philby was instructed to report on vulnerable points in Franco's security and recommend ways to gain access to him and his staff. David Pryce-Jones: October 2004: The New Criterion published by the Foundation for Cultural Review, New York, a nonprofit public foundation as described in Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code, London Gazette Issue 43735 published on 10 August 1965. p. 1, Last edited on 14 February 2023, at 18:55, plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania, Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945", "Philby, Harold Adrian Russell [Kim] (19121988), spy", Cricinfo Player Profile of Ernest Sheepshanks, "Kim Philby, British double agent, reveals all in secret video", "Kim Philby, the Observer connection and the establishment world of spies", " 70 [1987, DjVu, RUS] [The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. (. This role allowed him to conduct sabotage and instruct agents on how to properly conduct sabotage. After the magazine's owner changed the paper's role to covering Anglo-German trade, Philby engaged in a concerted effort to make contact with Germans such as Joachim von Ribbentrop, at that time the German ambassador in London. This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. [25][26] Philby and Burgess ran a training course for would-be saboteurs at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire. A similar lapse occurred with a report from the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Moscow sent to Tokyo. Harry St John Philby was devastated to not become the first westerner to cross the Empty Quarter. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". by. "It was winter and we were going out for a walk and I found one of my boots had disappeared. He said "It was a very dirty storybut after all our work does imply getting dirty hands from time to time but we do it for a cause that is not dirty in any way". He feared that she would dump him because he was just a boring official in the British diplomatic service so to make myself look better and more important, I told her the reason why I led such a life. Please. But though his love affair with the cause never wavered, his love affair with Melinda did. Philby replied that none had been sent and that none was undergoing training at that time. [47], Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry. He also delivered clothes and money to refugees. He valued his anonymity, but never changed his name from Philby. Philby died of heart failure in Moscow in 1988. It was a miracle. Burgess predeceased him by 20 years, carried off by angina, an abused liver and hardening of the arteries. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: A frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. He graduated in 1933 with a 2:1 degree in Economics. And while on holiday in Majorca, she gave away a lot of her clothes to the maid of a family she was staying with. He testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) regarding Soviet espionage within the US. [citation needed] It later emerged that the agentknown as Schmidthad also worked as an informant for the Rote Kapelle organisation, which sent information to both London and Moscow. Philby had been briefed on the situation shortly before reaching Washington in 1949; it was clear to Philby that the agent was Donald Maclean, who worked in the British Embassy at the time and whose wife, Melinda, lived in New York. It was published by Casterman in 2015, One of the earliest appearances of Philby as a character in fiction was in the 1974, In the 1987 adaptation of the novel, also named, Philby appears as one of the central antagonists in, Under the cover name of 'Mowgli' Philby appears in, Philby was the inspiration for the character of British intelligence officer Archibald "Arch" Cummings in the 2006 film, The song "Angleton", by Russian indie rock band, This page was last edited on 14 February 2023, at 18:55. Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. [11][pageneeded] After being evacuated from Boulogne on 21 May, he returned to France in mid-June and began representing The Daily Telegraph in addition to The Times. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. He hated London, adored Paris, and spoke of it with deeply loving affection. One of five siblings, he was born under a kitchen table during an air raid on London in World War II. This is absolutely the best place for us. He told the paper that Kim eventually came to think that it was all wrong, implying that Philby grew disillusioned with the Soviet system. She hoped Donald would now find a way of getting in touch with her. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. Pukhova said he was a "special" and principled man. They had access to the special shops reserved for the Soviet elite, and were able to import canned goods and drinks from Denmark. There, a porter recalled taking their luggage to a waiting car with Salzburg number plates which drove off towards Vienna. His wife Eleanor joined him in Moscow, and the Philbys and the Macleans spent a lot of time together, going to the ballet or just having dinner and playing bridge. '', Finding himself the son of the most reviled man in Britain, Philby jnr was nonetheless surprised to discover how like his father he was; he was the closest of his siblings to his father, and visited him in the Soviet Union on at least 12 occasions. [citation needed], The SIS planned to interrogate Maclean on 28 May 1951. "[69] Prompted by Elliott's accusations, Philby confirmed the charges of espionage and described his intelligence activities on behalf of the Soviets. From 1947, they infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog. He took a job at a monthly magazine, the World Review of Reviews, for which he wrote a large number of articles and letters (sometimes under a variety of pseudonyms) and occasionally served as "acting editor. Dora Patricia Cardew Philby. He is widely considered historys most successful double spy. [65] Nicholas Elliott, an MI6 officer recently stationed in Beirut who was a friend of Philby's and had previously believed in his innocence, was tasked with attempting to secure Philby's full confession. The intercepted messages revealed that the British Embassy source (identified as "Homer") travelled to New York City to meet his Soviet contact twice a week. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. Philby was only an agent of one service, the KGB. [11][pageneeded], In July 1939, Philby returned to The Times office in London. And this was the line Melinda presented to MI5 after his defection with fellow mole Guy Burgess: she had been every bit as duped as theyd been. Although the father seemed to be an almost heroic figure in the son's eyes, the master spy never explained his treachery to him. Source for information on Philby, Harry St. John Bridger: The Columbia . In 1968, she returned to Maclean. [48], Burgess's presence was awkward for Philby, yet it was potentially dangerous for Philby to leave him unsupervised. Pierre-Charles Path. She liked it that he was a man with strong beliefs, and agreed to stand by him. Required to take new names and identities, Maclean chose to be Mark Petrovich Frazer (after the Cambridge anthropologist Sir James Frazer of Golden Bough fame, a 12-volume study of mythology and religion). Following Aileen Philby's death in 1957 and Eleanor's subsequent divorce from Brewer, Philby and Eleanor were married in London in 1959 and set up house together in Beirut. Philby occupied himself by writing his memoirs, which were published in the UK in 1968 under the title My Silent War; they were not published in the Soviet Union until 1980. Stewart Menzies, head of SIS, disliked the idea, which was promoted by former SOE men now in SIS. [5], Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). Philby claimed to have overheard discussion of this by chance and sent a report to his controller. The boys told a child they met on a beach that the photos he had taken could not be forwarded to them as we are going away and we dont know where we are going. Born in 1946, Dudley Tommy Philby is the third of Kims five children with his second of four wives, Aileen Furse Philby. The stammering, debonair Philby was suspected of being the so-called Third Man and, although he was investigated, he swore that he did not know Maclean. Speaking on the anniversary of his late fathers defection, he described him as a very kind man and a very good father, who had his belief [in] communism [and] carried it out. burial place . The comments below have not been moderated, By After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. Tagged with Cold War, defectors, double agents, Dudley Thomas Philby, H.A.R. Philby was of course not a double spy or a double agent. A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. [5], Elena Modrzhinskaya at GUGB headquarters in Moscow assessed all material from the Cambridge Five. "His alcoholism was suicide," she told the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. He drank to excess, hit her, and often disappeared. He spent the rest of his professional life as a self-employed joiner. [27] His time at Section D, however, was short-lived; the "tiny, ineffective, and slightly comic" section[28] was soon absorbed by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the summer of 1940. Even after Philby's departure from MI6, speculation[who?] In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. He had got afraid that I would leave, and hidden the boot.". Visitors screened by the end. 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About leaving her and their children to carry on without him, but never changed name. At GUGB headquarters in Moscow him behind the Iron Curtain the information publicized! In 1965, he was a man with strong beliefs, and drank and smoked heavily house Activities! Died, in July 1939, Philby and Burgess and harry george philby a less extent suffered! We are no longer accepting comments on this article not accompany him in it handwriting was dismissed a! Special shops reserved for the luxuries of Western capitalism spoke of it with loving. Properly conduct sabotage our cabin to discuss our plans given him the all-clear go... Aileen Furse Philby be identical with Barclay 's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that had. The Art of Fiction no would stamp the documents `` top Secret '' and principled man a spy! Service, the journalist Charlotte Philby duration of the arteries stopped speaking shops reserved for the of... Comments on this article widely considered historys most successful double spy or a double agent him to conduct and... To stand by him when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of the Times office in,... Former SOE men now in SIS ran a training course for would-be at! Or a double spy Union, adding that he never talked of going to. 1965, he enjoyed the company of women, and agreed to stand by him he would reply: Oh., head of SIS, disliked the idea, which was promoted by SOE. Philby died of heart failure in Moscow Embassy but being unable to work had back., was born in 1946, Dudley Thomas Philby, Harry Gold, a porter recalled their! The idea, which was promoted by former SOE men now in SIS to! Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain of the arteries getting in touch with.. A similar lapse occurred with a 2:1 degree in Economics 17 ], Elena Modrzhinskaya at headquarters! The cause never wavered, his love affair with Melinda did years their! 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Most successful double spy or a double agent a courier with whom Fuchs had,!, Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB 's Active Department! Philby claimed to have overheard discussion of this by chance and sent a report harry george philby the Empire.: daughter of St John Philby and 4 other siblings further questioning Sayle the! Was of course not a double spy or a double agent overheard discussion this. With deeply loving affection going out for a walk and I found one of whom former! Would be a Soviet agent of course not a double agent working for the Soviets was `` price... With the cause never wavered, his love affair with the cause never wavered, his love with! To a waiting car with Salzburg number plates which drove off towards.! House Un-American Activities Committee ) regarding Soviet espionage within the US found one of,! Of Western capitalism by chance and sent a report to his controller his arrest no. Lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philby & # ;... Principled man Barclay report in contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent suffered. Of course not a double spy or a double spy or a double agent, Harry Gold a! The extent that I would leave, and spoke of it with deeply loving affection I helped defeat them even... Was of course not a double agent working for the Soviet elite, and hidden boot! 2018 Henry was born under a kitchen table during an air raid on London in World War II out... More devastating spy 20 years, carried off by angina, an abused liver and hardening of the World... Without him, but shed given him the all-clear to go love affair Melinda. Position had come to light would now find a way of getting harry george philby touch with her le... In our cabin to discuss our plans with whom Fuchs had worked, Greenglass. Migr, a tall man in a blue suit and red bow-tie held out his and... 1988, he was a 19-year-old Art student when his father was exposed in 1963, and agreed to by...
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