Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. The northern lowlands are areas of glacial deposition, and, accordingly, their surface is diversified by such features as the Valdai Hills of western Russia; by deposits of boulder clay, sands, and gravels; by glacial lakes; and by the Pripet Marshes, a large ill-drained area of Belarus and Ukraine. With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. El "cambio climtico" abarca el calentamiento global, pero se refiere a la gama ms amplia de cambios que le estn ocurriendo a nuestro planeta. Lesotho (landlocked within South Africa), is the only other country in the world surrounded entirely by another country. Asia is not Europe ;-). The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. Strict EU regulations place a heavy burden on developing countries to compete with their more developed neighbors.The global financial crisis, which began around 2008, has caused these tensions to elevate dramatically. In partitioning the globe into meaningful large geographic units, therefore, most modern geographers treated the former Soviet Union as a distinct territorial entity, comparable to a continent, that was somewhat separate from Europe to the west and from Asia to the south and east; that distinction has been maintained for Russia, which constituted three-fourths of the Soviet Union. Grades 6 - 12+ Subjects Arts and Music, Economics, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph Europe Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. Lands lying at high elevations can, of course, be lands of low relief, but on the European continent relief tends to become more rugged as elevation increases. The Volga River in Russia is Europe's longest river. When it . The map was produced using a Lambert conformal conic projection, with standard parallels at 40 degrees north . Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. The forests and grasslands of Western and Central Europe have been almost completely domesticated, with crops and livestock dominant.Finally, small, drought-resistant plants border the Mediterranean Sea, Europe's southern edge. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Within the standard geographical boundaries, it is comprised of 737 million. During this time, a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. It is the smallest country both in size and population. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. The land in those areas, however, is of little use for crops. The North European Plain remains the most densely populated region of Europe.Central UplandsThe Central Uplands extend east-west across Central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.The Central Uplands are lower in altitude and less rugged than the Alpine region and are heavily wooded. Surprising for such a massive river, it has a humble beginning, rising at just 740 feet above sea level in the Valday Hills which are to the north west of Moscow. Germany's largest wooded area,. Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. Yet the peninsular and insular western extremity of the continent, thrusting toward the North Atlantic Ocean, providesthanks to its latitude and its physical geographya relatively genial human habitat, and the long processes of human history came to mark off the region as the home of a distinctive civilization. Its major peninsulas include Jutland and the Scandinavian, Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas. Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. The name Europe may also come from combining the Greek roots eur- (wide) and -op (seeing) to form the phrase wide-gazing.Europe is often described as a peninsula of peninsulas. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. 1. Indebted countries must now deal with strict budgets and declining incomes while more financially stable countries are forcing taxpayers to help fund the financial rescue.The status of immigrants is also a source of tension and debate in Europe. The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. It is bounded by the North Sea in the north and west. The Louvre is the most visited attraction in Europe The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. By the end of the war, the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires collapsed and broke into a dozen separate nations. Europe is home to two countries that are completely landlocked by Italy. This region is sparsely populated except in the Rhine, Rhne, Elbe, and Danube river valleys.Alpine MountainsThe Alpine Mountains include ranges in the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, northern Spain, and southern France. World War II also left more than 40 million refugees, contributed to the independence of European colonies throughout the world, and devastated the urban infrastructure of many European cities.As a result of the devastation of World War II, Western Europes leadership in global politics diminished. The word democracy has Greek roots: demos-, meaning people, and -kratos, meaning power. Prominent Greek philosophers, such as Socrates and Plato, discussed democratic ideals in their writings. 5. The highest peaks in those ranges are Mount Corno (9,554 feet [2,912 metres]) in the Abruzzi Apennines, Bobotov Kuk (8,274 feet [2,522 metres]) in the Dinaric Alps, Mount Botev (7,795 feet [2,376 metres]) in the Balkan Mountains, Gerlachovsk Peak (Gerlach; 8,711 feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. Kazakhstan and Russia are in Asia. There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). ft. home is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. The North European Plain extends across the country's northern reaches; this flat, lowland terrain is dissected by . Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? 5. geography of Scandinavia facts. Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. Przemek. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Italian fashion is also an important cultural export. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Still another scheme with many adherents locates the continental boundary along the Aras River and the Turkish border, thereby putting Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia in Europe. The eastward limits now adopted by most geographers exclude the Caucasus region and encompass a small portion of Kazakhstan, where the European boundary formed by the northern Caspian coast is connected to that of the Urals by Kazakhstans Emba River and Mughalzhar (Mugodzhar) Hills, themselves a southern extension of the Urals. Projects are meant to stay a part of the city after 2011some pieces of sculpture may be used for athletics, for instance. As observed on Germany's physical map, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. Europe Europe, second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. Superficial rock cover, elevation, drainage, and soil have sharply differentiated those lowlandswhich are of prime importance to human settlementinto areas of marsh or fen, clay vales, sand and gravel heaths, or river terraces and fertile plains. Moose, bear, and elk (Cervus canadensis) are native to the European taiga.Just south of the taiga is a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees, including beech, ash, poplar, and willow. At its largest, Rome controlled approximately 6.5 million square kilometers (2.5 million square miles) of land.The Roman approach to conquering and controlling territory is often considered to be the basis of Western imperialism. Another widely endorsed scheme puts the western portion of the Caucasus region in Europe and the eastern partthat is, the bulk of Azerbaijan and small portions of Armenia, Georgia, and Russias Caspian Sea coastin Asia. The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. The Brde (German: edge) belt lies at the northern foot of the Central European Uplands and the Carpathians. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Important Scandinavian companies focused on designed products include Electrolux, which makes home electronics, and Ikea and H&M, famous around the world for inexpensive but well-designed home furnishings and clothing, respectively. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. More than 200 languages are spoken in Europe. All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its principal resource. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. The ancient, often mineral-laden rocks of the northwestern highlands, their contours softened by prolonged erosion and glaciation, are found throughout much of Iceland, in Ireland, and in northern and western Britain and Scandinavia. These journeys varied in length, depending on the migration patterns of specific reindeer herds. Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, and North Macedonia constitute a contiguous landlocked agglomeration of eight countries in Central Europe and the Balkans, stretching from Geneva all the way to Skopje. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. For discussion of major cities of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Rome, Warsaw, and London. Lets take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. 12. It covers an area of 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi). Ive enjoyed my journey through some facts of European geography hope you did too! Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. Si prega di abilitare JavaScript. Switzerland's small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotlandand its modest population give little indication of its international significance. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. The topography of the country is divided very clearly between the hilly Oesling of the . Note: Italy's capital, Rome, is the country's largest city if only the municipality (comune) is considered. That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. Switzerland, federated country of central Europe. They have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Iron Curtain. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. These countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). Many of Europe's fjords are located in Iceland and Scandinavia.North European PlainThe North European Plain extends from the southern United Kingdom east to Russia. Holland is a nation of cyclists. Europes eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. There are also central highlands and deserts features in the south. In 2000 the population was 857 million, using a definition which includes the whole of the transcontinental countries of Russia and Turkey. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. Luxembourg is a small country located in the Low Countries, part of North-West Europe It borders Belgium for 148 kilometres (92 miles) to the west and north, France (73 km [45 mi]) to the south, and Germany (138 km [86 mi]) to the east. Many Muslim organizations, however, saw the cartoons as bigoted, racist, and insulting. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Caspian Sea. This is to be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany. To contact our editors please use our contact form. The Central Powers (led by the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the forces of the Allied Powers (led by the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire). This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. Protests developed across the Muslim world, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria. Europe's shape is in a constant change: The Mediterranean basin is shrinking, the Alps are rising and pushing North, and Scandinavia is still rebounding after having been crushed by the weight of a thick and huge ice sheet in the ice ages. Those are coastal and interior lowlands, central uplands and plateaus, the northwestern highlands, and southern Europe. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. Please enable JavaScript. The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains (or, less commonly, the river Kura in the Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 Important highlands in this region include the Massif Central and the Vosges in France, the Ardennes of Belgium, the Black Forest and the Taunus in Germany, and the Ore and Sudeten in the Czech Republic. Switzerland's administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. The highest elevations and the most rugged relief of the European continent are found farther south, where the structures of the Cenozoic orogeny (i.e., from the past 66 million years) provide mountain scenery. A volcanos violent nature thus came from the work of Hephaestus and the anger of the imprisoned gods.The ancient Greeks connection to the sea also deeply influenced their mythological beliefs. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas to the south.Europes main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. The southern coast of Brittany % of the Adriatic Sea licensing content on this page, please ngimagecollection. Greece, Ireland, Spain, and insulting a short tour around some of the war, the highlands. Projects are meant to stay a part of the Earth & # x27 ; s landscapes, topography and. Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles x27 ; surface! 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